Wow, what a successful Pectra upgrade, which allowed everyone to see lowest gas fees, improved data efficiency as increased decentralization. But what’s next for Ethereum… it’s the Fusaka upgrade!

Fusaka is expected to be implemented Q4 2025 or early in 2026 and it will pretty much pick up from where Pectra left off.

Expected upgrades in Fusaka

https://preview.redd.it/q7bay968t2cf1.png?975&format=png&auto=webp&s=248258d9e514f1866605cd98e8ae4ea43a1c6c31

This list is subject to change and there may be more EIPs added or removed as we get closer to the release date!

In my opinion, below are upgrades that are important to me that I am excited to look forward to!!!

Verkle Trees… Pectra upgrade pretty set up Fusaka for releasing Verkle Trees which are wayyyyyy more efficient of a data structure than the current Merkle Patricia Trees. Verkle trees will allow the Ethereum nodes so they can continue to validate blocks without storing an enormous amount of state data.

TANGENT TIME!

Like who the hell do they come up with these names? I didn’t know so I had to look it up haha.

Patricia is the Practical Algorithm To Retrieve Information Coded in Alphanumeric.

Merkle Tree is used in cryptography due to the ability of creating a verifiable correlation of all data pieces of a tree which will result in one, single root value to prove the data!

Therefore… Merkle Patricia Tree is both cryptographically verifiable and deterministic! Per the Ethereum foundation

The only way to generate a state root is by computing it from each individual piece of the state, and two states that are identical can be easily proven so by comparing the root hash and the hashes that led to it (a Merkle proof)

Verkle trees was named by blending the sound and/or meaning of 2 words: "Merkle Trees" and "Vector commitment".

Now that we know the naming convention of the current and future Trees, lets continue!

Verkle Trees will be more efficient, enable stateless clients, while making Ethereum lighter, faster, and even more decentralized!

I’m also looking forward to PeerDAS (Peer Data Availability Sampling)!

We saw the blob improvements in the Pectra upgrade and we should expect more in the Fusaka upgrade. Blob sampling will be further improved for rollups, data availability will be enhanced without affecting the node burden, Layer 2s will be further scaled up, and will future-proof Ethereum’s data availability layer. HELL YEAH!

A third upgrade I am excited for is the EVM Object Format (EOF).

EOF will streamline the process for how smart contracts are created and executed! Essentially, Predictability, gas efficiency, and security will be improved for developers which will affect all users on the blockchain!

Think of Fusaka as Ethereum’s “deep clean and upgrade” phase, polishing the internals of the protocol for long-term future-proof growth. LETS GOOOOOOOOOOOOO!